While more research is needed on an accurate test for detecting early-stage prostate cancer, Prostate Cancer Canada says the PSA is the best available. Parliamentarians seen here raise money for prostate cancer research during the group's Movember fundraiser. (Chris Wattie/Reuters) Men in their 40s should get a baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test to "know their numbers," Prostate Cancer Canada says.
The patient advocacy and research foundation released new recommendations today after reviewing the evidence.
Too much PSA in the blood only sometimes signals prostate cancer. It also can mean a benign enlarged prostate or an infection.
Prostate cancer screening aims to identify men with an aggressive form of the disease compared to those who can be safely watched because the tumour is unlikely to cause harm during the patient's lifetime.
"It is important to separate treatment from testing," according to the recommendations.
"Establishing a baseline PSA value will allow men to make informed decisions regarding further testing once they know their number and have determined, with their primary care provider, a schedule for future PSA testing. While a single test may not indicate the presence of cancer, a baseline test provides a benchmark for knowing how future PSA values change over time."
Previously, the group recommended that men in their 40s talk to their doctor about a baseline PSA test.
In 2011, a U.S. government panel called the Preventive Services Task Force recommended that healthy men should not receive the PSA test as part of routine cancer screening because there is little if any mortality benefit.
Prostate Cancer Canada does not recommend the use of the PSA test as a population-based screening tool, saying the evidence currently doesn't support its use for that purpose.
The Canadian group noted some men are at increased risk because of:
- Ethnicity (Black African or Black Caribbean descent).
- A family history of prostate cancer in a father, brother or son.
- Age.
"Men in the high-risk category should have a discussion with their primary care provider about their risk for prostate cancer and when to begin PSA testing," the group said.
At age 70 or older, Prostate Cancer Canada said the decision to end PSA screening should be based on individual factors.
The Canadian Cancer Society says the five-year relative survival rate for prostate cancer is 96 per cent, meaning that, on average, men diagnosed with prostate cancer are 96 per cent as likely to live five years after diagnosis as people in the general population.
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