An increasing number of adults have rated their own mental health as poor in the last five years, particularly young adults, say Ontario researchers who call it a troubling trend.
In a survey of adults aged 18 or older in Ontario, 2.2 per cent said they had seriously contemplated suicide in the previous year, according to Thursday's report from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH). It's the first time that the hospital included a specific question about suicide in its long-standing annual survey.
Self-rated poor mental health rose from 4.7 per cent in 2003 to 7.1 per cent in 2013. The increase was seen among those aged 18 to 29, from about three per cent in 2009 to 12 per cent last year.
Dr. Hayley Hamilton, a scientist at CAMH and one of the lead researchers of the study, said it's a troubling trend.
"Young people were and are still impacted by what happened a few years ago with respect to the recession, difficulties in finding a job and issues with respect to their future," Hamilton said.
It could be a sign that young adults and youth need more support from family, friends and health professionals to bolster their mental health and well-being, Hamilton said.
Student surveys also point to high rates of psychological distress and suicidal tendencies, which suggests that the transitions that young people face in their careers and social lives are stressful, said Dr. Robert Mann, a senior scientist and the other principal investigator of the CAMH survey.
The causes of suicide aren't well understood, but loss of a loved one, loss of a job, psychiatric problems and substance use such as heavy drinking are all factors, Mann said.
Other findings included:
- Less than 0.5 per cent reported attempting suicide in the past year.
- Nearly a quarter of respondents said they exceeded low-risk drinking guidelines.
- Among people who said they drank alcohol in the past year, daily drinking increased from 5.3 per cent in 2002 to 8.5 per cent in 2013. The increase was especially prominent among women (from 2.6 per cent in 2001 to 5.6 per cent in 2013.)
- Past-year use of cannabis increased significantly from 8.7 per cent in 1996 to 14.1 per cent in 2013 for both men and women and among all age groups.
- Past-year prescription and non-medical use of opioid pain relievers declined from 2010 to 2013. About three per cent of residents said they'd taken prescription opioids for non-medical uses last year.
- About 13.1 per cent of adults experienced elevated psychological distress in 2013.
- About 83 per cent of adults do not smoke cigarettes, but the remaining 17 per cent are a concern. Cancer Care Ontario's goal is for the cigarette smoking rate to be reduced to five per cent by 2020.
The 2013 report is based on responses from 3,021 adults aged 18 and older from across Ontario. The addiction and mental health survey was first conducted in 1977.
The results can probably be generalized across Canada, Hamilton said.
For example, Statistics Canada's 2002 Mental Health and Well-being Survey suggested 3.6 per cent of adults aged 15 or older said they'd thought about suicide in the previous 12 months.
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